Improvement in kilns



3 Sheets--Sheet 1.

n. F. MARSHALL.

Kilns. v Patented 0ct.27,1874.

rias swipe co. forum-rn 3 Sheets-Shed 2. R. F. MARSHALL.

Kilns. v N.o.l56,364'. Patented oct. 2,7,1a74.

WITNBSSES THE GRAPHIC CD. PHOTYPLITFLBQHH PARK PLCEJLY.

l 3'Sheets--Sheet 3.

R. F. MARSHALL.

INVENTOR wwNasEs' Y i ATTORNEYS` Uniz'rnn STATES yPn'rnnr'r QFFIcn,

RANDOLPH F.MARSHALL, `OF LISCOMB, IOWA.

AIMPROVEMENT I,N KILNS.

Specification formn g part of Letters Patent No. 156,364, dated October 27, 1874 application filed september 26, 1874.

reference marked thereon.

Figure l of the drawing is a representation of a cross-sectional view of my kiln. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are detail views. Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view. Fig. 7 is a detail view; and Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view. Fig. 9 is a detail view of the same.

This invention relates to kilns for burning and drying bricks, tiles, earthenware, and

other objects; and it consists in a novel construction, hereinafter explained.

.In the annexed 4drawings,-I have represented two kilns combined and separatedby a vertical partition wall, A, having an opening, a, through it, provided with a damper,

` a', operated by a rod from the outside of the kiln. The walls of the'kiln are composed of brick or stone laid in mortar, and, if necessary, strengthened with iron rods embedded in them. The front and rear walls are further strengthened by means of buttresses B, which are tapered from their bases to the top ofthe walls, and which may be tied together by arches or iron plates. The buttresses B are arranged at any suitable distance apart on the outside of the front and rear walls, and they serve to sustain an arched roof, O, which is sprung over the kilns, `and constructed with openings Z through it, provided with valves b', which, when opened, will allow the smoke and moisture to escape at the commencement of the operation of burning. The arch O forms a hot-air chamber above the fire-bed for allowing a uniform distribution and circulation of the heat above the material being burned. v

The end walls of the kilns have doors D through them, large enough for the entrance of a Wagon, for facilitating the introduction of the material into the kiln and its removal thererfrom. The openings D may be closed te1nporarily with bricks, or permanent doors of iron may be provided. At the front of the kilns, and between the buttresses, are the furnaces E, which are provided with ash-pits, which allow the ashes and cinders to be withdrawn without opening the furnace-doors d, and letting cold air into the kiln. lhe ashpit doors should be provided with dampers, A

which allows the attendant to regulate, control, or shut oft' the draft of any one or more of the furnaces. These furnaces are set outside of the inner face of 4the kiln, so that direct contact of the fires with the material being burned is prevented.

By reference to Fig. l, it will be seen that the furnaces taper up to the top of the front wall, for the purpose of distributing the heat the full height of said wall, and each furnace is provided with a grated back, c, high enough to prevent the coals from falling into the kiln. Along the bed of the kiln is a trunk or ditch, F, of suitable size, and arranged in the center between the front and rear walls. This trunk F is provided in both kilns with openings f and sliding dampers g, which latter should be let into the iioors flush with the upper surface thereof. From the trunk F shorter trunks Gr lead back to a long trunk, G', outside of the rear wall, which trunk communicates with an arched flue, h, 'by means of openings t', provided with damper-slides j. The ilue h also communicates with the interior ofthe kilns by means of passages k, which are arranged opposite the furnaces E, and provided with damper-slides l. The iiues h of the two kilns do not communicate directly with each other, but they do communicatev with a horizontal flue, J, by means of openings m, which are provided with dampers m. The ne J communicates with a chimney, K, at its base by means of openings, .which are provided with dampers p. i

In arranging the bricks in the kilns I want to dispense with arches at the base, and to this end I arrange two courses of bricks on the oors of the kiln so as to form pigeonholes 7 r, running from the furnaces to the openings lo, leading into the ilues. On top of the upper course I arrange another course of bricks, r', separated as shown in Figs. 9 and l0, and on top of this course is another course of three bricks lying on a single brick, and so on the kilns are filled. Thus arranged, lthe bricks are quickly and uniformly dried and burned.

When the kilns are lled and the fires are built in the furnaces, the valves b in the arched roof C are opened, which allow the smoke and moisture to escape. The valves g are then opened, and if both kilns are Worked at the same time the valves k are opened, and the heated products, after circulating in the kilns, are allowed to escape through ilues h and J to the chimney. The valves y j being e opened, the heated products Will be caused to circulate through their openings for the purpose of equibly distributing the heat in all parts of the kiln; and if itis desired to burn some of the material more than others, this can be done by opening some of the valves and closing others. If only one kiln is Worked at a time, valves a and g and one valve p are shut, and when the material in one kiln is 2 iseca.

burned, the material in the other kiln can be dried by opening valves a. and vl1', and utilizing the Waste heat from the rst kiln. To do this, all of the dampers l must be shut in the rst kiln.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure combination with lues h J, and valve-opening m, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two Witnesses.

RANDOLPH FOSTER MARSHALL.

Witnesses:

EBEN B. EATON, CHRISTOPHER C. DALLY. 

